Learning, Executive and Attention Functioning (LEAF) Scale - Information and Supporting Documents

The LEAF is a 55 item parent-, teacher-, or self-report questionnaire that assesses executive functions, related neurocognitive functions, and academic skills in children and adults. For more detailed information about the LEAF, please visit our new website at abcdirections.com.

References for the LEAF:

• Castellanos, I., Kronenberger, W. G., & Pisoni, D. B. (2018). Questionnaire-based assessment of executive functioning: Psychometrics. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 7(2), 93-109. Psychometric/scale development article for parent-report and teacher-report LEAF.
• Kronenberger, W.G., Beer, J., Castellanos, I., Pisoni, D.B., & Miyamoto, R.T. (2014). Neurocognitive risk in children with cochlear implants. JAMA Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 140, 608-615. Parent-report LEAF scores in children and adolescents with cochlear implants compared to a nonreferred control sample.
• Kronenberger, W.G., Castellanos, I., & Pisoni, D.B. (2018). Questionnaire-based assessment of executive functioning: Case studies. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 7(1), 82-92. Demonstrates application of the LEAF in the clinical setting.
• Marschark, M., Kronenberger, W. G., Rosica, M., Borgna, G., Convertino, C., Durkin, A., . . . Schmitz, K. L. (2017). Social maturity and executive function among deaf learners. Journal Of Deaf Studies And Deaf Education, 22(1), 22-34. Self-report LEAF (language-revised and standard adolescent/young adult self-report version) in deaf high-school and college students as well as hearing college students.
• Marschark, M., Spencer, L.J., Durkin, A., Borgna, G., Convertino, C., Machmer, E., Kronenberger, W.G., Trani, A. (2015). Understanding language, hearing status, and visual-spatial skills. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 20, 310-330. Self-report LEAF (standard adolescent/young adult self-report version) in deaf college student samples.